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Azygos Venous System 3D

  • Azygous Vein                                                                      
    • * Originates at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, entering the chest through the aortic hiatus.
    • * Ascends along the anterolateral surface of the thoracic vertebrae and arches ventrally to the right main bronchus at T5–T6, draining into the SVC.
    • * Receives the right intercostal veins, the right superior intercostal vein, and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins.

 

  • Hemiazygos Vein
    • * Is formed by the union of the left subcostal and ascending lumbar veins. Its lower end is connected to the left renal vein.
    • * Ascends on the left side of the vertebral bodies behind the thoracic aorta, receiving the 9th, 10th, and 11th posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Drains into azygos vein.

 

  • Accessory Hemiazygos Vein
    • * Is formed by the confluence of the middle left posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Descends to the left of midline, adjacent to the thoracic vertebrae and crosses posteriorly to the aorta at the level of T7-8 to drain into the azygos vein.

                                                                                                           

  • Superior Intercostal Vein
    • * Is formed by a union of the second, third, and fourth posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Drains into the azygos vein on the right and the brachiocephalic vein on the left.

                                                               

  • Posterior Intercostal Vein
    • * These veins drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery.
    • * The first intercostal vein on each side drains into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein.
    • * The second, third, and the fourth intercostal veins join to form the superior intercostal vein.
    • * The rest of the veins drain into the azygos vein on the right and into the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos veins on the left.

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  • Azygous Vein                                                                      
    • * Originates at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, entering the chest through the aortic hiatus.
    • * Ascends along the anterolateral surface of the thoracic vertebrae and arches ventrally to the right main bronchus at T5–T6, draining into the SVC.
    • * Receives the right intercostal veins, the right superior intercostal vein, and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins.

 

  • Hemiazygos Vein
    • * Is formed by the union of the left subcostal and ascending lumbar veins. Its lower end is connected to the left renal vein.
    • * Ascends on the left side of the vertebral bodies behind the thoracic aorta, receiving the 9th, 10th, and 11th posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Drains into azygos vein.

 

  • Accessory Hemiazygos Vein
    • * Is formed by the confluence of the middle left posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Descends to the left of midline, adjacent to the thoracic vertebrae and crosses posteriorly to the aorta at the level of T7-8 to drain into the azygos vein.

                                                                                                           

  • Superior Intercostal Vein
    • * Is formed by a union of the second, third, and fourth posterior intercostal veins.
    • * Drains into the azygos vein on the right and the brachiocephalic vein on the left.

                                                               

  • Posterior Intercostal Vein
    • * These veins drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery.
    • * The first intercostal vein on each side drains into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein.
    • * The second, third, and the fourth intercostal veins join to form the superior intercostal vein.
    • * The rest of the veins drain into the azygos vein on the right and into the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos veins on the left.

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